Sustainability Data for Heat Treatment

Note: See Sustainability Cost Model Overview for general information about the carbon information data that aPriori provides for all supported processes.

The Heat Treatment cost model provides Sustainability data for the following processes:

Age Process

The Age Process cost model provides the following Sustainability outputs on the Part Details / Sustainability tab in aPriori:

  • Supports Sustainability: Yes.

  • Primary Material Carbon Factor: not applicable as heat treatments are considered to be secondary processes and the Primary Material Carbon Factor is not used by secondary processes. aPriori leaves the cell blank.

  • Energy Carbon Factor, Logistics Carbon, Annual Carbon, and Total Carbon: the calculations for these variables are the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview.

  • Material Carbon: not applicable. aPriori sets the Material Carbon value to zero. Although you can see the Material Carbon formula in the Formula Dependencies window, all the cells are blank other than the Final Yield percentage.

  • Process Carbon: see Process Carbon Calculation. Note that the Indirect Machine Power calculation included in the Process Carbon calculation is the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview. Also see Process Carbon in the Sustainability Cost Model Overview for some general points about the Electricity Process Carbon and Other Process Carbon calculations.

Process Carbon Calculation

Process Carbon = Electricity Process Carbon + Other Process Carbon

  • Electricity Process Carbon: the primary source of process carbon based on energy factors and energy consumption. Calculated as (Energy Carbon Factor * Energy Consumption ) / Final Yield:

    • Energy Carbon Factor: the CO2 equivalent factor for a unit of energy consumed. Specified by the top-level Digital Factory variable Electricity Carbon Factor (data provided by Ecoinvent). You can update the value in the Formula Dependencies or in the Digital Factory if you have a factor that you think is more representative of your selected location.

    • Energy Consumption: the energy consumption of the machine for the process, including direct and indirect energy consumption. See formula below.

    • Final Yield: the number of acceptable parts at the end of the entire part routing divided by the number of this process’ starting pieces including scrap. For more details, see Heat Treatment Yields.

  • Other Process Carbon: (if applicable) any source of process carbon, including additional sources of carbon not related to electricity. If not applicable, this will have a value of 0.00.

Energy Consumption = (Direct Machine Energy Consumption + Indirect Machine Energy Consumption)

  • Direct Machine Energy Consumption: the direct energy consumption of the machine. See formula below.

  • Indirect Machine Energy Consumption: the indirect energy consumption of the work center based on the overhead facility power usage. Calculated as (Indirect Machine Power * Cycle Time):

    • Indirect Machine Power: the indirect power of the work center based on the overhead facility power usage. The calculations are the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview.

    • Cycle Time: the time for one complete cycle of the applicable machine to make a single part. Includes the process times for each stage of the process. For more details, see Cycle Time for the Age Process.

Direct Machine Energy Consumption = Machine Power * Material Power Factor * Cycle Time

  • Machine Power: the power requirement of the work center; specified by the machine property Machine Power.

  • Material Power Factor: the specific material-dependent power profile factor. aPriori performs a lookup in the materialPowerProfileFactors table and returns the Age process Power Factor corresponding to the selected material.

  • Cycle Time: as described above.

Hot Isostatic Pressing Process

The Hot Isostatic Pressing Process cost model provides the following Sustainability outputs on the Part Details / Sustainability tab in aPriori:

  • Supports Sustainability: Yes.

  • Primary Material Carbon Factor: not applicable as heat treatments are considered to be secondary processes and the Primary Material Carbon Factor is not used by secondary processes. aPriori leaves the cell blank.

  • Energy Carbon Factor, Logistics Carbon, Annual Carbon, and Total Carbon: the calculations for these variables are the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview.

  • Material Carbon: not applicable. aPriori sets the Material Carbon value to zero. Although you can see the Material Carbon formula in the Formula Dependencies window, all the cells are blank other than the Final Yield percentage.

  • Process Carbon: see Process Carbon Calculation. Note that the Indirect Machine Power calculation included in the Process Carbon calculation is the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview. Also see Process Carbon in the Sustainability Cost Model Overview for some general points about the Electricity Process Carbon and Other Process Carbon calculations.

Process Carbon Calculation

Process Carbon = Electricity Process Carbon + Other Process Carbon

  • Electricity Process Carbon: the primary source of process carbon based on energy factors and energy consumption. Calculated as (Energy Carbon Factor * Energy Consumption ) / Final Yield:

    • Energy Carbon Factor: the CO2 equivalent factor for a unit of energy consumed. Specified by the top-level Digital Factory variable Electricity Carbon Factor (data provided by Ecoinvent). You can update the value in the Formula Dependencies or in the Digital Factory if you have a factor that you think is more representative of your selected location.

    • Energy Consumption: the energy consumption of the machine for the process, including direct and indirect energy consumption. See formula below.

    • Final Yield: the number of acceptable parts at the end of the entire part routing divided by the number of this process’ starting pieces including scrap. For more details, see Heat Treatment Yields.

  • Other Process Carbon: the secondary source of process carbon, including additional sources of carbon not related to electricity. For the Hot Isostatic Pressing process, argon gas is used. The calculation is: (Used Gas Mass * Used Gas Carbon Factor) / Final Yield:

    • Used Gas Mass: see formula below.

    • Used Gas Carbon Factor: the CO2 equivalent factor for gas mass. aPriori performs a lookup in the processConsumables table and returns the Emissions Factor corresponding to the Argon consumable.

    • Final Yield: as described above.

Energy Consumption = (Direct Machine Energy Consumption + Indirect Machine Energy Consumption)

  • Direct Machine Energy Consumption: the direct energy consumption of the machine. See formula below.

  • Indirect Machine Power: the indirect power of the work center based on the overhead facility power usage. The calculations are the same for all processes – see Sustainability Cost Model Overview.

Direct Machine Energy Consumption = Machine Power * Material Power Factor * Power Profile Time

  • Machine Power: the power requirement of the work center; specified by the machine property Machine Power.

  • Material Power Factor: the specific material-dependent power profile factor. aPriori performs a lookup in the materialPowerProfileFactors table and returns the Hot Isostatic Pressing process Power Factor corresponding to the selected material.

  • Power Profile Time: the portion of Cycle Time during which power is drawn from the machine (note that this excludes Vacuum Purge and Equalize Time). Calculated as: (Heat Time + Cool Time + Holding Time + Pressurize System Time) / Number of Parts. For details, see Formulas for Hot Isostatic Pressing.

Used Gas Mass (Required Gas Volume * Gas Density) / Number Of Parts

  • Required Gas Volume: the calculated gas volume required based off the gas cylinder volume and the total multiplier. For details, see Formulas for Hot Isostatic Pressing.

  • Gas Density: aPriori performs a lookup in the processConsumables table and returns the Density corresponding to the Argon consumable.

  • Number Of Parts: specified by the Hot Isostatic Pressing setup option Number of Parts.