Holes GCDs¶
The Holes GCD Category includes the following GCD Types:
Simple Holes¶
The Simple Holes GCD Type includes one or more SimpleHole GCDs, each representing an unbroken 360-degree hole having a circular cross section on one of the sheet-metal faces. These GCDs are available for the Casting, Machining, and Sheet Metal process groups.
The GCD details are as follows:
| Cost drivers | Cost drivers | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GCD | Name | The name and number that identifies the GCD. This information is an identifier only and is not used in any cost calculation. |
| Properties | Diameter (mm) | The diameter of the hole interior where the hole is in its final shape. |
| Is Countersunk | Indicates the GCD has a countersink. If true, the GCD has a countersink. | |
| Is Flanged | Indicates the GCD has a flange. If true, the GCD has a flange. | |
| Countersink Direction | Indicates the direction of the countersink with respect to the main surface. Possibilities include UP, DOWN, BOTH, EITHER, UNKNOWN. | |
| Flange Direction | Indicates the direction of the flange with respect to the main surface. Possibilities include UP, DOWN, BOTH, EITHER, UNKNOWN. | |
| Length (mm) | The length of the GCD. | |
| Blind | Indicates the GCD passes entirely through the part. True if the bottom of the GCD passes out of the other side of the part. | |
| Cone Angle (deg) | An angle <= 90 degrees measured from the hole’s central axis. Through holes have their cone angle set to 90 degrees. one angle is not used for tool feasibility, but it is used to compute the total drilling stroke. Through holes should have their cone angle set to 90 degrees. |
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| Roughness (µm) | The average roughness of the GCD surface. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Threaded | Indicates the hole is threaded. If true, the hole is threaded. | |
| Diam Tolerance (mm) | The diametrical tolerance of a hole. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient tolerance capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Position Tolerance (mm) | The tolerance on the location of the center line of a hole. For a hole, this specifies the diameter of a cylinder that the center of a hole must be within. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient tolerance capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Parallelism (mm) | The parallelism tolerance of a hole. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Perpendicularity (mm) | The perpendicularity tolerances of a hole. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Runout (mm) | The runout tolerance of a hole. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Volume (mm3) | The volume of the final part. | |
| Surface Area (mm2) | The surface area of the GCD. | |
| Min Wall Thickness (mm) | The minimum wall thickness of the GCD. | |
| Accessibility | The directions from which the GCD can be entered. Possible values includeOBSCURED, SIDE_A, SIDE_B, THROUGH, UNDERCUT. | |
| Technique | Requested | The technique selected by you. If you have not selected a technique, this field is set to . |
| Selected | The technique used by aPriori. If the requested technique cannot be used, aPriori a technique that can be used. | |
| Results | Time(s) | The time (in seconds) that it takes to machine the GCD or complete work on a technique. If there is more than one occurrence of the GCD or technique, this field shows the sum of the occurrences. |
| Status | The costing status of the GCD or technique. A green icon indicates that costing was successful, a yellow icon indicates that costing succeeded with a warning, and a red icon indicates that costing failed. | |
| GCD | Name | The name and number that identifies the GCD. This information is an identifier only and is not used in any cost calculation. |
| Properties | Area (mm2) | The area of the GCD in a flattened state. |
| Sec Diameter (mm) | The diameter of the smallest circle that will fit around the GCD. | |
| Mec Diameter (mm) | The diameter of the largest circle fitting into the hole. | |
| Perimeter (mm) | The sum of the lengths of all edges in the contour. | |
| SER Length (mm) | The length of the smallest enclosing rectangle. | |
| SER Width (mm) | The width of the smallest enclosing rectangle. | |
| Tolerance/Profile of Surface (mm) | The most constraining tolerance among the dimensions defining the GCD. You can view it as a +/- tolerance. Tolerance is persisted and computed as a total tolerance by the system. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient tolerance capability to manufacture the GCD. | |
| Roughness (µm) | The average roughness of the GCD surface. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. | |
| Chamfer Direction | Indicates the direction of the chamfer with respect to the main surface. Possibilities include: UP, DOWN, BOTH, EITHER, or UNKNOWN. | |
| Flange Direction | Indicates the direction of the flange with respect to the main surface. Possibilities include: UP, DOWN, BOTH, EITHER, or UNKNOWN. | |
| Is Chamfered | Indicates whether the edges of the GCD are chamfered. If true, the edges are chamfered. | |
| Is Flanged | Indicates whether the GCD has flange. If true, the GCD has a flange. | |
| Max Radius (mm) | The maximum radius of curvature for non-straight edges in the contour. Equals 0 if all edges are straight. | |
| Min Radius (mm) | Min Radius (mm) | |
| Number of Coining Chains | The number of contiguous chains of coined edges. | |
| Num Curved Edges | The number of edges in the contour. | |
| Num Edges | The number of straight edges in the contour. | |
| Worst Peninsular Ratio | The maximum (Peninsula Length/Peninsula Width) for all peninsula on a contour. Peninsula are the outstanding tabs on a contour of blank or complex hole. (“Peninsular ratio” used for the stamping processes such as progressive die to determine what elements on a part can be grouped together for punching.) | |
| Worst Peninsular Ratio2 | The maximum (Peninsula Length/Peninsula Width2) in 1/mm. Peninsula are the outstanding tabs on a contour of blank or complex hole. | |
| Technique | Requested | The technique selected by you. If you have not selected a technique, this field is set to auto select. |
| Selected | The technique used by aPriori. If the requested technique cannot be used, aPriori selects a technique that can be used. | |
| Results | Status | The costing status of the GCD or technique. A green icon indicates that costing was successful, a yellow icon indicates that costing succeeded with a warning, and a red icon indicates that costing failed. |
Complex Holes¶
The Complex Holes GCD Type includes one or more ComplexHole GCDs, each representing a non-circular interior contour.
Note:
Flanges around a complex hole are not recognized as a hole property (they are recognized as a separate form). A lance is recognized as a complex hole with zero area.
These GCDs are available for the Sheet Metal process group.
The GCD details are as follows:
| Cost drivers | Cost drivers | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GCD | Name | The name and number that identifies the GCD. This information is an identifier only and is not used in any cost calculation. |
| Properties | Area (mm2) | The area of the GCD in a flattened state. |
| Sec Diameter (mm) | The diameter of the smallest circle that will fit around the GCD. | |
| Mec Diameter (mm) | The diameter of the largest circle fitting into the hole. | |
| The length of the GCD. | ||
| Perimeter (mm) | The sum of the lengths of all edges in the contour. | |
| SER Length (mm) | The length of the smallest enclosing rectangle. | |
| SER Width (mm) | The width of the smallest enclosing rectangle. | |
| Tolerance/Profile of Surface (mm) | The most constraining tolerance among the dimensions defining the GCD. You can view it as a +/- tolerance. Tolerance is persisted and computed as a total tolerance by the system. Note: If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient tolerance capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Roughness (µm) | The average roughness of the GCD surface. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient surface finish capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Chamfer Direction | Indicates the direction of the chamfer with respect to the main surface. Possibilities include UP, DOWN, BOTH, EITHER, and UNKNOWN. | |
| Is Chamfered | Indicates whether the edges of the GCD are chamfered. If true, the edges are chamfered. | |
| Is Flanged | Indicates whether the GCD has flange. If true, the GCD has a flange. | |
| Max Radius (mm) | The maximum radius of curvature for non-straight edges in the contour. Equals 0 if all edges are straight. | |
| Min Radius (mm) | The minimum radius of curvature for non-straight edges in the contour. | |
| Number of Coining Chains | The number of contiguous chains of coined edges. | |
| Num Curved Edges | The number of non-straight edges in the contour. | |
| Num Edges | The number of edges in the contour. | |
| Num Straight Edges | The number of straight edges in the contour. | |
| Worst Peninsular Ratio | The maximum (Peninsula Length/Peninsula Width) for all peninsula on a contour. Peninsula are the outstanding tabs on a contour of blank or complex hole.(“Peninsular ratio” used for the stamping processes such as progressive die to determine what elements on a part can be grouped together for punching.) | |
| Technique | Requested | The technique selected by you. If you have not selected a technique, this field is set to auto select. |
| Selected | The technique used by aPriori. If the requested technique cannot be used, aPriori will select a technique that can be used. | |
| Results | Status | The costing status of the GCD or technique. A green icon indicates that costing was successful, a yellow icon indicates that costing succeeded with a warning, and a red icon indicates that costing failed. |
Multi Step Holes¶
The Multi Step Holes GCD Type includes one or more GCDs with one or more SimpleHole GCDs. A multi-step hole is the generalization of the counterbored hole. It is a counterbored hole with an arbitrary number of steps.
- aPriori estimates the manufacturing time by splitting it into a set of simple holes, each hole representing one step.
- The results of the individual computations are summed together by aPriori.
- Any additional one-time estimating elements are also added. The step diameter sizes must be monotonically decreasing.
- These GCDs are available for the Casting and Machining process groups.
The GCD details are as follows:
| Cost drivers | Cost drivers | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GCD | Name | The name and number that identifies the GCD. This information is an identifier only and is not used in any cost calculation. |
| Properties | Max Diameter (mm) | The maximum diameter of the GCD. |
| Min Diameter (mm) | The minimum diameter of the GCD. | |
| Min Tolerance (mm) | The minimum tolerance of the GCD. If set to <unspecified>, aPriori assumes that the chosen manufacturing process and operations have sufficient tolerance capability to manufacture the GCD. |
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| Total Length (mm) | The length of the GCD. | |
| Total Volume (mm3) | The volume of the final part. | |
| Step Count | The total number of hole steps. | |
| Countersink Count | The total number of countersinks in the hole. | |
| Blind | Indicates whether or not the GCD passes entirely through the part. True if the bottom of the GCD passes out of the other side of the part. | |
| Accessibility | The directions from which the GCD can be entered. Possible values include OBSCURED, SIDE_A, SIDE_B, THROUGH, and UNDERCUT. | |
| Technique | Requested | The technique selected by you. If you have not selected a technique, this field is set to auto select. |
| Selected | The technique used by aPriori. If the requested technique cannot be used, aPriori a technique that can be used. | |
| Results | Time(s) | The time (in seconds) that it takes to machine the GCD or complete work on a technique. If there is more than one occurrence of the GCD or technique, this field shows the sum of the occurrences. |
| Status | The costing status of the GCD or technique. A green icon indicates that costing was successful, a yellow icon indicates that costing succeeded with a warning, and a red icon indicates that costing failed. |
Ringed Holes¶
The RingedHole GCD Type is created only for routings which contain Turning processes (Lathes) and is used to support parts with internal turned geometry.
- It includes a SimpleHole GCD which represents the smallest interior diameter of the part, and one or more Ring GCDs which represent additional internal co-axial volumes.
- The RingedHole GCDs is available for the Bar & Tube, Casting, and Forging process groups.